Introduction

China (Officially People's Republic of China) is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. The East Asian state covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometers, and is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the fourth-largest in total area. The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions, Hong Kong and Macau.

Climate

China's climate is generally controlled by dry seasons and rainy season, which lead to a marked temperature differences between winter and summer. In the winter, northern winds coming from high-latitude areas are cold and dry; in summer, southern winds from coastal areas at lower latitudes are warm and moist. The climate in China differs from region to region because of the country's extensive and complex landscape.

People

China’s total population is about 22% of total population of world. With a population of over 1.3 billion and dwindling natural resources, China is very concerned about its population growth and has attempted, with mixed results, to implement a strict family planning policy. The government's goal is one child per family, with exceptions for ethnic minorities and a degree of flexibility in rural areas. China officially distinguishes 56 separate ethnic groups, the largest of which are the Han Chinese, who establish about 91.51% of the total population.

Language

Chinese is the official language to use in China. The most spoken varieties are Mandarin and Cantonese. Standard Mandarin, a variety of Mandarin based on the Beijing dialect, is the official national language of China and is used as a lingua franca between people of different linguistic backgrounds.

Religion

Chinese are following Buddhism, Taoism, and Chinese folk religions. Also, some people are following Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam.

Politic

The People's Republic of China, along with Vietnam, North Korea, Laos, and Cuba, is one of the five remaining official Communist states in the world. The China government has been variously described as communist and socialist, but also as authoritarian, with heavy restrictions remaining in many areas, most notably on the Internet, the press, freedom of assembly, reproductive rights, and freedom of religion. The China government has been variously described as communist and socialist, but also as authoritarian, with heavy restrictions remaining in many areas, most notably on the Internet, the press, freedom of assembly, reproductive rights, and freedom of religion.

Transportation

Private car ownership is growing rapidly in China, which surpassed the United States as the world's largest automobile market in 2009, with total car sales of over 13.6 million. China also possesses the world's longest high-speed rail network, with over 9,676 km of service routes. Domestic air travel has been developed significantly in recent decades, but long-distance transportation remains dominated by railways and charter bus systems. Rapid transit systems are also rapidly developing in China's major cities, in the form of networks of underground or light rail systems.

Education

The government is providing free 9 year education including textbooks and fees. The system of Chinese education is 6 years of elementary education, 3 years of secondary education, and 3years of higher education.